ResearchIn-Press PreviewInfectious diseaseVaccines Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.167408
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
2Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
4Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
5Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
6Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
7Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
8Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
9Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
10Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
11Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
12Malaria, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
13Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
14Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
15Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
16Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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Published April 30, 2024 - More info
A systems analysis was conducted to determine the potential molecular mechanisms underlying differential immunogenicity and protective efficacy results of a clinical trial of the radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite PfSPZ Vaccine in African infants. Innate immune activation and myeloid signatures at pre-vaccination baseline correlated with protection from Pf parasitemia in placebo controls. These same signatures were associated with susceptibility to parasitemia among infants who received the highest and most protective PfSPZ Vaccine dose. Machine learning identified spliceosome, proteosome, and resting dendritic cell signatures as pre-vaccination features predictive of protection after highest-dose PfSPZ vaccination, whereas baseline CSP-specific IgG predicted non-protection. Pre-vaccination innate inflammatory and myeloid signatures were associated with higher sporozoite-specific IgG Ab response but undetectable PfSPZ-specific CD8+ T-cell responses post-vaccination. Consistent with these human data, innate stimulation in vivo conferred protection against infection by sporozoite injection in malaria-naïve mice while diminishing the CD8+ T-cell response to radiation-attenuated sporozoites. These data suggest a dichotomous role of innate stimulation for malaria protection and induction of protective immunity of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines. The uncoupling of vaccine-induced protective immunity achieved by Abs from more protective CD8+ T cell responses suggest that PfSPZ Vaccine efficacy in malaria-endemic settings may be constrained by opposing antigen presentation pathways.